Posts tagged 'Collateral'

Guest post: Pledged collateral in an IS/LM framework (Part 2)

| May 22 19:02 | Comment |

This is a guest post by Manmohan Singh, a senior economist at the IMF. Views expressed are his own and not those of the IMF. This is the second part of a series looking at the role of pledged collateral in an IS/LM framework.

Price of money and Price of collateral

In some countries like the US and the UK, the price of money and money market rates are not market-determined due to IOER (interest on excess reserves), and this affects other short end rates. In the US, for example, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and other non-depository institutions are not eligible for IOER. This leads to market segmentation and forms a wedge in the money market rates.[1]  Read more

Guest post: Pledged collateral in an IS/LM framework (Part 1)

| May 22 19:01 | Comment |

This is a guest post by Manmohan Singh, a senior economist at the IMF. Views expressed are his own and not those of the IMF.

The concept of financial collateral (or pledged collateral that can be re-used in the markets) was not fully developed in academia in the late 1990s. Activities such as securities lending, repo, OTC derivatives and rehypothecation were still in their infancy—both in volume and sophistication. Read more

Gold as collateral, not stock

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| May 01 11:14 | Comment |

There’s been a lot of speculation about what really drove the volatile gold price move this month. Some are still defiantly searching for conspiracies or under-handed activities by authorities.

But it’s probably Nouriel Roubini who has provided one of the best and most logical explanations. In his opinion every bit of the gold move can be explained by shifting inflation expectations. Read more

Counterintuitive insights that are only now making the mainstream now

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Apr 26 10:28 | Comment |

We just saw this post from Pragmatic Capitalism’s Cullen Roche on the supply of assets.

It offers a nice chart showing net issuance of “safe” assets, from Citi’s research team:

 Read more

Getting Cookie Monster to eat carrots

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Mar 22 15:49 | Comment |

Starring A. European Banker as the Cookie Monster and Mario Draghi as Ernie:

Ernie gets Cookie Monster to eat a carrot Read more

The OC (of Greek covered bonds)

Tracy Alloway used to be deputy editor of FT Alphaville. Here she learned the details of derivatives, the absurdities of accounting and the various structures of ... erm ... structured finance. She now covers big US banks for the FT paper, including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. She pops up on FT Alphaville every once in a while.

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| Feb 20 15:57 | Comment |

Eurobank recently lowered the over-collateralisation (OC) of its second covered bond programme to the bare minimum allowed by Greece’s covered bond law. Avid covered bond-watchers (there must be a handful of you out there) will know of course, that specially designed legal frameworks are one of the big perks of the covered bond structure – along with juicy benefits like an overstuffing of assets and the dual recourse nature of the centuries-old debt instruments. Read more

Did you hear the one about Rosneft’s 500m barrel hedge?

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Feb 14 19:17 | Comment |

Philip K. Verleger, veteran independent energy consultant, has been doing some sleuthing concerning some of the more opaque areas of the oil market.

What he’s unearthed is interesting, to say the least. Read more

It’s not a collateral shortage, it’s a scarcity of collateral

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Feb 01 15:23 | Comment |

Further dispatches from the Danish Institute for International Studies’ conference in Copenhagen on “Central Banking at a crossroads”.

Today we focus on the new age of collateral-based finance and the presentation given by Manmohan Singh (speaking in an independent capacity rather than as a representative of the IMF). Read more

Cut and paste – your guide to ‘economic’ vs ‘regulatory’ liquidity

Tracy Alloway used to be deputy editor of FT Alphaville. Here she learned the details of derivatives, the absurdities of accounting and the various structures of ... erm ... structured finance. She now covers big US banks for the FT paper, including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. She pops up on FT Alphaville every once in a while.

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| Jan 28 21:34 | Comment |

Are you a bank agonising over whether to keep your triple A-rated covered bonds as part of your liquidity buffer or send them to the European Central Bank? Not sure what to do with your AA-rated non-financial euro corporate debt?

Then you need this handy table from BofAML’s structured finance guru, Alexander Batchvarov. Read more

Banks refuse to clear trades unless they can keep grandma’s money

Lisa joined FT Alphaville in September 2011 after a tour of duty through the guts of the financial industry, having worked as an analyst at a bank and for a financial data company.

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| Jan 02 20:47 | Comment |

Ready for pop quiz? Don’t worry, it’s only one question and it involves pictures. Ready?

In the below picture, a pension fund governed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Erisa) has a trading relationship with a bank… Read more

The SNB’s bond buying: now with more context

David joined the FT in 2011 as a Marjorie Deane fellow. He covered emerging markets, equities and currencies before making the jump over to FT Alphaville in May 2012.

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| Oct 08 2012 12:03 | Comment |

So much for the one sided debate about the Swiss National Bank’s bond purchases. JP Morgan’s Flows and Liquidity team argued over the weekend that while it is true that FX reserves are absorbing a significant part of the supply of high-quality AAA/AA bonds , they are still taking up less than half of the issue. And significantly reserves managers are big participants in securities lending… which includes the SNB.
 Read more

Cœuré on collateral scarcity

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Oct 01 2012 15:10 | Comment |

Fact du jour on collateral accepted at European Central Bank liquidity ops, via Benoît Cœuré, ECB executive board member:

...non-marketable assets and above all, credit claims (i.e. normal bank loans) have become the largest single asset class in our collateral portfolio. Read more

European repo is on the rise

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Sep 28 2012 14:00 | Comment |

US money market funds are still cautious about building up exposure to European banks.

However, according to Fitch’s latest Macro Credit Research report on Friday, they seem much more confident about building up exposure on secured terms. As a result, repos as a percentage of exposure to European banks is on the rise to new post-crisis levels: Read more

QEternity, the FDIC guarantee, liquidity and a pumpkin

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Sep 25 2012 19:12 | Comment |

Okay, who’d forgotten that FDIC deposit insurance for non-interest-bearing transaction accounts expires at the end of December?

We confess, it did slip our minds – momentarily. Read more

OMT!

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Sep 06 2012 14:03 | Comment |

Here are the full ‘technical features’, which Mario Draghi read out at Thursday’s press conference. Three big things stick out:

- The ECB will apparently make a ‘legal act’ to confirm that its bond holdings under “Outright Monetary Transactions” are pari passu, not senior. Legislation signals a welcome precommitment, but a nasty fudge here: 200 billion euros of bonds held under the SMP (which programme has now been terminated) will not come under the pari passu rule. Read more

When ECB bond-buying meets collateral

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Aug 24 2012 19:12 | Comment |

Click to enlarge.

A word of caution in advance: the optimal structure is deeply complex, which itself should raise concern in the minds of investors… Read more

Minutes minutiae and open(-ended) questions

Cardiff writes mostly about US macroeconomic issues, with daily excursions into other topics about which he claim no expertise. Before Alphaville, Cardiff spent a little more than two years as a reporter at Dow Jones Financial News covering investment banking, asset management, and private equity. Along the way he has written freelance pieces on a variety of other topics from behavioural psychology to Muay Thai, the latter also being a personal interest that involves frequently getting kicked in the shins (and torso, and head).

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| Aug 23 2012 22:38 | Comment |

There was a seemingly minor item in the FOMC minutes released yesterday that didn’t get much attention but that, naturally, interested us quite a bit.

The participants noted that the Fed staff had presented an analysis showing “substantial capacity for additional purchases without disrupting market functioning”. But the staff part of the minutes offered no details of this analysis. Read more

“Five years later”

Cardiff writes mostly about US macroeconomic issues, with daily excursions into other topics about which he claim no expertise. Before Alphaville, Cardiff spent a little more than two years as a reporter at Dow Jones Financial News covering investment banking, asset management, and private equity. Along the way he has written freelance pieces on a variety of other topics from behavioural psychology to Muay Thai, the latter also being a personal interest that involves frequently getting kicked in the shins (and torso, and head).

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| Aug 21 2012 00:47 | Comment |

James Sweeney, Jonathan Wilmot and the rest of the Credit Suisse gang that brought you the excellent King Collateral paper in April are back with a short follow-up note.

It’s a sharp contrast between the state of the global economy five years ago — when the first warning signs of an unusually serious crisis began to emerge — and where we are now. The framework of risk purging versus risk accumulation used by the authors is especially interesting, though they don’t get into as much detail as found in some of their previous notes. Read more

Derivatives industry no likey new margin requirements

Lisa joined FT Alphaville in September 2011 after a tour of duty through the guts of the financial industry, having worked as an analyst at a bank and for a financial data company.

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| Aug 17 2012 11:25 | Comment |

A survey of financial market participants most likely to be negatively affected by new regulations on uncleared swap trades revealed that they don’t like this new-fangled way of doing things at all. No, no, they really don’t.

The completely predictable result was published in an article in Risk on Wednesday: Read more

On the declining use of core collateral in repo markets

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Aug 06 2012 10:20 | Comment |

The European Repo Council’s latest survey on changing collateral trends in the bilateral repo market:

There seems to have been a modest shift out of core Eurozone collateral.  Read more

There is a disturbance in the UK funding curve

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Jul 26 2012 17:32 | Comment |

FT Alphaville has already referred to the weird phenomenon of unsecured funds trading through secured funds in the UK this week, as reported by ICAP.

By definition, secured borrowing should be cheaper than than unsecured. Read more

More on M-pesa and e-money

Izabella Kaminska joined FT Alphaville in October 2008. Before that she worked as a producer at CNBC, a natural gas reporter at Platts and an associate editor of BP's internal magazine.

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| Jul 20 2012 19:42 | Comment |

We wrote about Kenya’s M-pesa mobile money model on Wednesday, which we think is a really innovative and encouraging development in the world of money supply.

The point we were trying to make at the time is that there are some interesting parallels between Safaricom’s role in the M-pesa e-money market and the role of central banks in conventional money markets. Read more

Finland’s Spanish swap

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jul 19 2012 20:22 | Comment |

Fresh from being debated in an extraordinary session of the Finnish parliament…

 Read more

Finland’s Spanish seguridad, some details

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jul 17 2012 17:30 | Comment |

Spain’s banks really are providing Finland’s collateral for the EFSF/ESM bailout of Spain’s (weaker) banks.

The Finnish finance minister announced a deal on Tuesday. Here’s the presentation (in Finnish, hat-tip Aleksi Moisio) Read more

Finland’s got a seguridad

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jul 10 2012 17:31 | Comment |

At an ungodly hour of Tuesday morning, eurozone ministers agreed that the EFSF will lend Spain €30bn for its banks by the end of July.

Two weeks. Read more

ECB collateral shift du jour

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jul 03 2012 17:15 | Comment |

It relates to government-guaranteed bank bonds. In plain English — this appears to be tightening banks’ future use of them as collateral but with exceptions for some banks.

From Tuesday’s decision: Read more

A Cyprus liquidity switch

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jun 26 2012 18:37 | Comment |

The world’s 81st-biggest island fell off the European Central Bank’s collateral lists on Tuesday. At least its sovereign debt did.

 Read more

Another ECB collateral BBBackstop

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jun 22 2012 15:01 | Comment |

As flagged earlier – the European Central Bank’s latest loosening of collateral criteria:

ECB takes further measures to increase collateral availability for counterparties Read more

The Bank of England gets economical with its derivatives

Lisa joined FT Alphaville in September 2011 after a tour of duty through the guts of the financial industry, having worked as an analyst at a bank and for a financial data company.

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| Jun 22 2012 12:36 | Comment |

Isn’t it annoying when particular clients insist on being treated differently to everyone else? Like, just because your client is well, England, or Italy, or some other sovereign nation, doesn’t make them ‘special’. It’s also kind of annoying when they make regulations that make business tougher for banks and then still expect to be treated differently.

Interestingly though, the Bank of England just stopped asking for one such special exception when it comes to certain derivatives that it enters into on behalf of the nation in order to best manage its balance sheet and the Treasury’s foreign exchange reserves. Read more

The (sovereign) mystery box

Joseph joined FT Alphaville way back in March 2010. He likes all the politically and legally fiddly bits of finance. He also likes credit, rates, global macro, tail risk, and all that stuff. (You should email him story ideas. He’ll take anything.)

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| Jun 21 2012 14:54 | Comment |

Cookie Monster: It a horse! It a cow! It a ball! It a pogo stick! It a rump roast! It a moose!

(Reuters) – The European Central Bank is discussing a medium-term plan to scrap rating rules on euro zone sovereign bonds and instead set their value when used as collateral in lending operations on its own internal assessment, central bank sources said… Read more

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